The exact cause of Pica is unknown, but it is thought to be influenced by several factors, including nutritional deficiencies (such as iron or zinc), psychological factors (like stress or anxiety), or sensory-seeking behaviors (particularly in individuals with developmental disorders). Treatment for Pica may involve addressing underlying nutritional deficiencies, behavioral therapy, or providing a safe and supervised environment to prevent the ingestion of harmful substances.

The medical issues listed below may be a cause or a result of Pica.

• Vitamin and/or mineral deficiencies, such as:
  • Iron deficiency
  • Zinc deficiency
  • Thiamine deficiency
• Fungal overgrowth in the gut
• Parasitic infection
• Tooth pain